B1+ Upper Intermediate

This skill relates to the comprehension of audio-visual media, understanding not only spoken content but also visual cues and context provided by the medium to decode the message.

At level B1.2 this means:

Can understand a large part of many TV programmes on topics of personal interest such as interviews, short lectures and news reports when the delivery is relatively slow and clear.

Associated Concepts

This is a general ability to understand written texts, encompassing various types and purposes of reading. It serves as the foundation for processing written information in different forms and contexts.

At level B1.2 this means:

Can read straightforward factual texts on subjects related to their field of interest with a satisfactory level of comprehension.

Associated Concepts

This involves recognizing implicit hints or signals in spoken or written language and deducing meanings or conclusions based on them. It's a critical skill for understanding subtleties and reading between the lines.

At level B1.2 this means:

Can exploit different types of connectors (numerical, temporal, logical) and the role of key paragraphs in the overall organisation in order to better understand the argumentation in a text.

Can extrapolate the meaning of a section of a text by taking into account the text as a whole.

Can identify the meaning of unfamiliar words/signs from the context on topics related to their field and interests.

Can extrapolate the meaning of occasional unknown words/signs from the context and deduce sentence meaning, provided the topic discussed is familiar.

Associated Concepts

This competency pertains to grasping the content of discussions between others, often without being an active participant. It involves processing dialogue, contextual cues, and underlying dynamics.

At level B1.2 this means:

Can follow much of everyday conversation and discussion, provided it is clearly articulated in standard language or in a familiar variety.

Associated Concepts

This skill is centered on understanding written communications such as letters, emails, or messages. It requires the ability to grasp both the explicit content and the intended tone or sentiment of the correspondence.

At level B1.2 this means:

Can understand formal correspondence on less familiar subjects well enough to redirect it to someone else.

Associated Concepts

This involves comprehending spoken content in settings like lectures, presentations, or performances. As part of an audience, one needs to process information while considering group dynamics and atmosphere.

At level B1.2 this means:

Can follow a lecture or talk within their own field, provided the subject matter is familiar and the presentation straightforward and clearly structured.

Can distinguish between main ideas and supporting details in standard lectures on familiar subjects, provided these are delivered in clearly articulated standard language or a familiar variety.

Associated Concepts

This pertains to reading with the purpose of familiarizing oneself with new information or environments. It can involve skimming and scanning texts like maps, directories, or brochures for specific details.

At level B1.2 this means:

Can scan longer texts in order to locate desired information, and gather information from different parts of a text, or from different texts in order to fulfil a specific task.

Can scan through straightforward, factual texts in magazines, brochures or on the web, identify what they are about and decide whether they contain information that might be of practical use.

Associated Concepts

This competency revolves around processing and following spoken directives, such as public announcements or guidelines. It requires attention to detail and the ability to translate auditory content into actionable steps.

At level B1.2 this means:

Can understand simple technical information, such as operating instructions for everyday equipment.

Can follow detailed directions.

Associated Concepts

This skill focuses on in-depth reading to extract facts, insights, and logical reasoning from texts. It often involves engaging with more complex content, such as academic articles, reports, or opinion pieces.

At level B1.2 this means:

Can understand straightforward, factual texts on subjects relating to their interests or studies.

Can understand short texts on subjects that are familiar or of current interest, in which people give their points of view (e.g. critical contributions to an online discussion forum or readers’ letters to the editor).

Can identify the main conclusions in clearly signalled argumentative texts.

Can recognise the line of argument in the treatment of the issue presented, though not necessarily in detail.

Associated Concepts

This relates to comprehending content delivered through auditory channels without the benefit of visual context, like in audio books or podcasts. It demands focused listening and the ability to interpret content based solely on auditory cues.

At level B1.2 this means:

Can understand the information content of the majority of recorded or broadcast material on topics of personal interest delivered in clear standard language.

Associated Concepts

This competency is about understanding written directives aimed at guiding actions or processes. It's essential for tasks like assembling a product, following a recipe, or completing a form.

At level B1.2 this means:

Can understand instructions and procedures in the form of a continuous text, for instance in a manual, provided they are familiar with the type of process or product concerned.

Associated Concepts

This refers to reading for pleasure or relaxation, often involving narratives like novels, magazines, or comics. The focus here is on enjoyment and engagement, rather than critical analysis or information extraction.

At level B1.2 this means:

Can read newspaper/magazine accounts of films, books, concerts, etc. produced for a wider audience and understand the main points.

Can understand simple poems and song lyrics provided these employ straightforward language and style.

Associated Concepts

This competency focuses on one's ability to articulate thoughts, ideas, and information verbally. It encompasses a variety of speaking situations, from casual conversation to more formal discourse.

At level B1.2 this means:

Can reasonably fluently sustain a straightforward description of one of a variety of subjects within their field of interest, presenting it as a linear sequence of points.

Associated Concepts

This skill is about the ability to effectively communicate ideas and information through written mediums. It spans various forms of writing, from short messages to comprehensive documents.

At level B1.2 this means:

Can produce straightforward connected texts on a range of familiar subjects within their field of interest, by linking a series of shorter discrete elements into a linear sequence.

Associated Concepts

This competency deals with the preparation phase of both oral and written expression. It involves organizing thoughts, structuring content, and determining the best approach to convey a message.

At level B1.2 this means:

Can rehearse and try out new combinations and expressions, inviting feedback.

Associated Concepts

This refers to an extended spoken discourse where an individual shares personal experiences or recounts events without interruption.

At level B1.2 this means:

Can clearly express feelings about something experienced and give reasons to explain those feelings.

Associated Concepts

This skill focuses on producing original written content, often involving imaginative storytelling, poetry, or other forms of artistic expression.

At level B1.2 this means:

Can clearly signal chronological sequence in narrative text.

Can give a simple review of a film, book or TV programme using a limited range of language.

Associated Concepts

This competency pertains to adjusting one's communication approach when faced with gaps in vocabulary or grammar knowledge. It's about finding alternative ways to express a thought or idea when the exact words or structures are not readily accessible.

At level B1.2 this means:

Can define the features of something concrete for which they can’t remember the word/sign.

Can convey meaning by qualifying a word/sign meaning something similar (e.g. a truck for people = bus).

Can use a simple word/sign meaning something similar to the concept they want to convey and invite “correction”.

Associated Concepts

This involves a continuous spoken discourse centered on imparting specific information or details on a subject without interruption.

At level B1.2 this means:

Can explain the main points in an idea or problem with reasonable precision.

Can describe how to do something, giving detailed instructions.

Associated Concepts

This skill relates to the structured written presentation of information or arguments on a particular topic. Both formats require clarity, coherence, and a logical flow of ideas.

At level B1.2 this means:

Can produce a text on a topical subject of personal interest, using simple language to list advantages and disadvantages, and give and justify their opinion.

Can summarise, report and give their opinion about accumulated factual information on familiar routine and non-routine matters within their field with some confidence.

Associated Concepts

This competency concerns self-awareness and the ability to identify and correct errors in real-time during communication. It involves both recognizing mistakes and making necessary adjustments on the fly.

At level B1.2 this means:

Can correct mix-ups with the marking of time or expressions that lead to misunderstandings, provided the interlocutor indicates there is a problem.

Associated Concepts

This skill refers to speaking at length to present a particular argument or perspective, supporting the case with evidence and reasoning.

At level B1.2 this means:

Can develop an argument well enough to be followed without difficulty most of the time.

Can give simple reasons to justify a viewpoint on a familiar topic.

Associated Concepts

This relates to delivering information to a general audience, often in a formal setting, ensuring clarity, brevity, and appropriateness.

At level B1.2 this means:

Can deliver short, rehearsed announcements on a topic pertinent to everyday occurrences in their field which, despite possible problems with stress and intonation (= non-manuals in a sign language), are nevertheless clearly intelligible.

Associated Concepts

This competency focuses on speaking to groups, whether small or large, ensuring the content is engaging, relevant, and adapted to the audience's needs and context.

At level B1.2 this means:

Can give a prepared presentation on a familiar topic within their field, outlining similarities and differences (e.g. between products, countries/regions, plans).

Associated Concepts

This competency revolves around engaging in spoken dialogues, ensuring mutual understanding and effective exchange of ideas across various contexts.

At level B1.2 this means:

Can communicate with some confidence on familiar routine and non-routine matters related to their interests and professional field. Can exchange, check and confirm information, deal with less routine situations and explain why something is a problem. Can express thoughts on more abstract, cultural topics such as films, books, music, etc.

Associated Concepts

This skill involves comprehending the spoken words, sentiments, and intentions of a conversation partner, ensuring effective and empathetic communication.

At level B1.2 this means:

Can follow clearly articulated speech/sign directed at them in everyday conversation, though will sometimes have to ask for repetition of particular words/signs and phrases.

Associated Concepts

This competency pertains to participating in casual spoken exchanges, demonstrating fluency, coherence, and adaptability based on the context and participants.

At level B1.2 this means:

Can start up a conversation and help keep it going by asking people relatively spontaneous questions about a special experience or event, expressing reactions and opinions on familiar subjects.

Can have relatively long conversations on subjects of common interest, provided the interlocutor makes an effort to support understanding.

Associated Concepts

This skill refers to engaging in relaxed, non-structured dialogues where participants share opinions, ideas, and experiences without a rigid agenda.

At level B1.2 this means:

Can follow much of what is said around them on general topics, provided interlocutors avoid very idiomatic usage and articulate clearly.

Can explain why something is a problem.

Can give brief comments on the views of others.

Can compare and contrast alternatives, discussing what to do, where to go, who or which to choose, etc.

Associated Concepts

This competency involves participating in structured discussions or debates, often following specific conventions or protocols, ensuring clear, organized, and persuasive contributions.

At level B1.2 this means:

Can follow much of what is said that is related to their field, provided interlocutors avoid very idiomatic usage and articulate clearly.

Can put over a point of view clearly, but has difficulty engaging in debate.

Associated Concepts

This skill revolves around collaborating with others to achieve a specific purpose or outcome through oral communication, ensuring mutual understanding and shared responsibility.

At level B1.2 this means:

Can follow what is said, though they may occasionally have to ask for repetition or clarification if the discussion is rapid or extended.

Can explain why something is a problem, discuss what to do next, and compare and contrast alternatives.

Can give brief comments on the views of others.

Associated Concepts

This competency concerns communicating effectively to procure products or services, demonstrating clarity, politeness, and negotiation skills when required.

At level B1.2 this means:

Can deal with most transactions likely to arise while travelling, arranging travel or accommodation, or dealing with authorities during a foreign visit.

Can ask in a shop for an explanation of the difference between two or more products serving the same purpose, in order to make a decision, posing follow-up questions as necessary.

Can cope with less routine situations in shops, post offices, banks, e.g. returning an unsatisfactory purchase.

Can make a complaint.

Can deal with most situations likely to arise when making travel arrangements through an agent or when actually travelling, e.g. asking a passenger where to get off for an unfamiliar destination.

Associated Concepts

This skill involves sharing and receiving data or knowledge, ensuring clarity, accuracy, and relevance in both oral and written contexts.

At level B1.2 this means:

Can exchange, check and confirm accumulated factual information on familiar routine and non-routine matters within their field with some confidence.

Can summarise and give their opinion about a short story, article, talk, discussion, interview or documentary and answer further questions of detail.

Associated Concepts

This competency pertains to both conducting interviews and responding as an interviewee, demonstrating effective questioning, listening, and answering techniques.

At level B1.2 this means:

Can provide concrete information required in an interview/consultation (e.g. describe symptoms to a doctor), but with limited precision.

Can carry out a prepared interview, checking and confirming information, though they may occasionally have to ask for repetition if the other person’s response is rapid or extended.

Associated Concepts

This skill involves communicating via devices such as phones, ensuring clarity, appropriateness, and effective conveyance of information or sentiments.

At level B1.2 this means:

Can use telecommunications for everyday personal or professional purposes, provided they can ask for clarification from time to time.

Can give important details over the (video)phone concerning an unexpected incident (e.g. a problem in a hotel, with travel arrangements, with a hire car).

Associated Concepts

This competency centers on engaging in written exchanges, ensuring mutual comprehension and effective sharing of ideas across diverse platforms.

At level B1.2 this means:

Can convey information and ideas on abstract as well as concrete topics, check information, and ask about or explain problems with reasonable precision.

Associated Concepts

This skill involves writing letters, emails, or other direct written communications, ensuring clarity, appropriateness, and adherence to conventions.

At level B1.2 this means:

Can compose personal letters giving news and expressing thoughts about abstract or cultural topics such as music or film.

Can compose letters expressing different opinions and giving detailed accounts of personal feelings and experiences.

Can reply to an advertisement in writing and ask for further information on items that interest them.

Can compose basic formal e-mails/letters (e.g. to make a complaint and request action).

Associated Concepts

This competency refers to composing brief written communications or filling out informational forms, ensuring accuracy, brevity, and relevance.

At level B1.2 this means:

Can take routine messages that are likely to occur in a personal, professional or academic context.

Can take messages communicating enquiries and explaining problems.

Associated Concepts

This skill revolves around participating in digital interactions, such as chats or forums, ensuring effective exchange, netiquette, and adaptability based on the platform.

At level B1.2 this means:

Can engage in real-time online exchanges with more than one participant, recognising the communicative intentions of each contributor, but may not understand details or implications without further explanation.

Can post online accounts of social events, experiences and activities referring to embedded links and media and sharing personal feelings.

Associated Concepts

This competency pertains to working with others in a digital environment towards a shared objective, ensuring mutual understanding, and effective online communication.

At level B1.2 this means:

Can engage in online transactions that require an extended exchange of information, provided the interlocutor(s) avoid complex language and are willing to repeat and reformulate when necessary.

Can interact online with a group that is working on a project, following straightforward instructions, seeking clarification and helping to accomplish the shared tasks.

Associated Concepts

This skill involves recognizing when to speak or write and when to listen or read during an interaction, ensuring a balanced and respectful exchange

At level B1.2 this means:

Can intervene in a discussion on a familiar topic, using a suitable phrase to get the floor.

Associated Concepts

This competency is about collaborating harmoniously with others in conversations or discussions, demonstrating flexibility, empathy, and shared responsibility.

At level B1.2 this means:

Can exploit a basic repertoire of language and strategies to help keep a conversation or discussion going.

Can summarise the point reached in a discussion and so help focus the argument.

Associated Concepts

This skill involves seeking further information or verification when something is unclear in a conversation or written communication, ensuring full comprehension.

At level B1.2 this means:

Can ask for further details and clarifications from other group members in order to move a discussion forward.

Associated Concepts

This competency involves conveying precise details clearly and accurately, ensuring that the intended audience understands the exact data points.

At level B1.2 this means:

Can relay (in Language B) the content of public announcements and messages delivered clearly at normal speed (in Language A).

Can relay (in Language B) the contents of detailed instructions or directions, provided these are clearly articulated (in Language A).

Can relay (in Language B) specific information given in straightforward informational texts (e.g. leaflets, brochure entries, notices and letters or e-mails) (in Language A).

Can relay in writing (in Language B) specific information points contained in texts delivered (in Language A) on familiar subjects (e.g. calls, announcements and instructions).

Can relay in writing (in Language B) specific, relevant information contained in straightforward informational texts (in Language A) on familiar subjects.

Can relay in writing (in Language B) specific information given in a straightforward recorded message (left in Language A), provided the topics concerned are familiar and the delivery is slow and clear.

Associated Concepts

This competency pertains to interpreting and elaborating on data points, making them comprehensible and relatable to an audience.

At level B1.2 this means:

Can interpret and describe (in Language B) detailed information in diagrams in their fields of interest (with text in Language A), even though lexical gaps may cause hesitation or imprecise formulation.

Can interpret and present in writing (in Language B) the overall trends shown in simple diagrams (e.g. graphs, bar charts) (with text in Language A), explaining the important points in more detail, given the help of a dictionary or other reference materials.

Associated Concepts

This skill refers to reading and understanding written content, extracting essential information, and discerning its significance.

At level B1.2 this means:

Can summarise (in Language B) the main points made in long texts (in Language A) on topics in their fields of interest, provided they can check the meaning of certain expressions.

Can summarise (in Language B) a short narrative or article, talk, discussion, interview or documentary (in Language A) and answer further questions about details.

Can collate short pieces of information from several sources (in Language A) and summarise them (in Language B) for somebody else.

Can summarise in writing (in Language B) the information and arguments contained in texts (in Language A) on subjects of general or personal interest.

Associated Concepts

This competency concerns converting text from one language to another while retaining the original message's essence, tone, and intent.

At level B1.2 this means:

Can provide oral translation (into Language B) of texts (written in Language A) containing information and arguments on subjects within their fields of professional, academic and personal interest, provided they are written in uncomplicated, standard language.

Can produce approximate translations (from Language A into Language B) of straightforward, factual texts that are written in uncomplicated, standard language, closely following the structure of the original; although linguistic errors may occur, the translation remains comprehensible.

Associated Concepts

This skill revolves around capturing the key points from spoken or written sources concisely, ensuring the core message is retained for future reference.

At level B1.2 this means:

Can take notes during a lecture which are precise enough for their own use at a later date, provided the topic is within their field of interest and the lecture is clear and well structured.

Associated Concepts

This competency involves articulating one's interpretations, feelings, and thoughts about artistic or imaginative writings.

At level B1.2 this means:

Can explain why certain parts or aspects of a work especially interested them.

Can explain in some detail which character they most identified with and why.

Can relate events in a story, film or play to similar events they have experienced or heard about.

Can relate the emotions experienced by a character to emotions they have experienced.

Can describe the emotions they experienced at a certain point in a story, e.g. the point(s) in a story when they became anxious for a character, and explain why.

Can explain briefly the feelings and opinions that a work provoked in them.

Can describe the personality of a character.

Can describe a character’s feelings and explain the reasons for them.

Associated Concepts

This skill pertains to examining, interpreting, and evaluating the content, structure, and style of imaginative writings, providing constructive feedback when necessary.

At level B1.2 this means:

Can point out the most important episodes and events in a clearly structured narrative in everyday language and explain the significance of events and the connections between them.

Can describe the key themes and characters in short narratives involving familiar situations that contain only high frequency everyday language.

Associated Concepts

This competency concerns leading and managing group discussions, ensuring all members contribute, understand, and work harmoniously.

At level B1.2 this means:

Can collaborate on a shared task, e.g. formulating and responding to suggestions, asking whether people agree, and proposing alternative approaches.

Can collaborate in simple, shared tasks and work towards a common goal in a group by asking and answering straightforward questions.

Can define the task in basic terms in a discussion and ask others to contribute their expertise and experience.

Associated Concepts

This skill involves working together with others to interpret, create, or convey shared understandings, pooling collective insights.

At level B1.2 this means:

Can organise the work in a straightforward collaborative task by stating the aim and explaining in a simple manner the main issue that needs to be resolved.

Can use questions, comments and simple reformulations to maintain the focus of a discussion.

Associated Concepts

This competency revolves around overseeing conversations, ensuring they remain productive, respectful, and on topic, guiding participants when necessary.

At level B1.2 this means:

Can allocate turns in a discussion, inviting a participant to express their views

Associated Concepts

This skill refers to promoting deeper, more abstract discussions, stimulating participants to think critically and share innovative ideas.

At level B1.2 this means:

Can ask questions to invite people to clarify their reasoning.

Can ask appropriate questions to check understanding of concepts that have been explained.

Can ask people to elaborate on specific points they made in their initial explanation

Associated Concepts

This competency pertains to creating an inclusive environment where individuals from diverse cultural backgrounds can share and learn from one another.

At level B1.2 this means:

Can support communication across cultures by initiating conversation, showing interest and empathy by asking and answering simple questions, and expressing agreement and understanding.

Can act in a supportive manner in intercultural encounters, recognising the feelings and different worldviews of other members of the group.

Associated Concepts

This skill involves mediating between parties, bridging communication gaps, and resolving misunderstandings to ensure harmonious interactions.

At level B1.2 this means:

Can communicate (in Language B) the main sense of what is said (in Language A) on subjects within their fields of interest, conveying straightforward factual information and explicit cultural references, provided they can prepare beforehand and that the interlocutors articulate clearly in everyday language.

Associated Concepts

This competency revolves around tactfully handling sensitive topics or conflicts, guiding participants towards understanding and resolution.

At level B1.2 this means:

Can ask parties in a disagreement to explain their point of view, and can respond briefly to their explanations, provided the topic is familiar to them and the parties express themselves clearly.

Associated Concepts

This skill involves connecting new information to what's already known, aiding in comprehension and retention.

At level B1.2 this means:

Can explain how something works by providing examples that draw on people’s everyday experiences.

Associated Concepts

This competency concerns adjusting one's linguistic style based on the audience or context, ensuring clarity and appropriateness.

At level B1.2 this means:

Can paraphrase more simply the main points made in short, straightforward texts on familiar subjects (e.g. short magazine articles, interviews) to make the contents accessible for others.

Associated Concepts

This skill refers to simplifying complex data or concepts, making them accessible and understandable to a broader audience.

At level B1.2 this means:

Can make a short instructional or informational text easier to understand by presenting it as a list of separate points.

Associated Concepts

This competency involves expanding on concise or intricate writings, elaborating for clarity and depth.

At level B1.2 this means:

Can make an aspect of an everyday topic clearer and more explicit by conveying the main information in another way.

Associated Concepts

This skill pertains to condensing verbose or redundant content, ensuring it remains clear, concise, and focused on the core message.

At level B1.2 this means:

Can identify and mark (e.g. underline, highlight) the essential information in a straightforward, informational text, in order to pass this information on to someone else.

Associated Concepts

This skill pertains to one's ability to use a broad spectrum of linguistic structures and expressions in various contexts, showcasing language proficiency.

At level B1.2 this means:

Has a sufficient range of language to describe unpredictable situations, explain the main points in an idea or problem with reasonable precision and express thoughts on abstract or cultural topics such as music and film.

Associated Concepts

This competency focuses on the extent of words and phrases an individual knows and can use effectively in diverse situations.

At level B1.2 this means:

Has a good range of vocabulary related to familiar topics and everyday situations.

Has sufficient vocabulary to express themselves with some circumlocutions on most topics pertinent to their everyday life such as family, hobbies and interests, work, travel and current events.

Associated Concepts

This skill revolves around the correct and consistent use of grammatical structures in speech or writing, ensuring clarity and proper language form.

At level B1.2 this means:

Communicates with reasonable accuracy in familiar contexts; generally good control, though with noticeable mother-tongue influence. Errors occur, but it is clear what they are trying to express.

Associated Concepts

This competency pertains to the aptitude to select and use appropriate words and phrases based on the context and intent.

At level B1.2 this means:

Shows good control of elementary vocabulary but major errors still occur when expressing more complex thoughts or handling unfamiliar topics and situations.

Uses a wide range of simple vocabulary appropriately when discussing familiar topics.

Associated Concepts

This skill involves the ability to produce sounds, stress patterns, intonations, and rhythms of a language accurately and naturally.

At level B1.2 this means:

Pronunciation is generally intelligible; intonation and stress at both utterance and word levels do not prevent understanding of the message. Accent is usually influenced by the other language(s) they speak.

Associated Concepts

This competency concerns the correct and consistent use of spelling and punctuation, ensuring written clarity and following standard language norms.

At level B1.2 this means:

Can produce continuous writing which is generally intelligible throughout.

Spelling, punctuation and layout are accurate enough to be followed most of the time.

Associated Concepts

This skill revolves around understanding and applying the social rules of language use, ensuring one's expressions align with the cultural and societal norms of the audience.

At level B1.2 this means:

Can perform and respond to a wide range of language functions, using their most common exponents in a neutral register.

Is aware of the salient politeness conventions and acts appropriately.

Is aware of, and looks out for signs of, the most significant differences between the customs, usages, attitudes, values and beliefs prevalent in the community concerned and those of their own community.

Associated Concepts

This competency involves recognizing when to speak and when to listen during a conversation, ensuring a balanced and respectful exchange.

At level B1.2 this means:

Can intervene in a discussion on a familiar topic, using a suitable phrase to get the floor.

Associated Concepts

This skill pertains to building and expanding upon a topic cohesively, ensuring the discussion remains focused and evolves logically.

At level B1.2 this means:

Can clearly signal chronological sequence in narrative text.

Can develop an argument well enough to be followed without difficulty most of the time.

Associated Concepts

This competency focuses on organizing ideas logically and connecting them with appropriate linguistic tools, ensuring the content flows smoothly and is easy to follow.

At level B1.2 this means:

Can introduce a counter-argument in a simple discursive text (e.g. with “however”).

Associated Concepts

This skill concerns conveying ideas with exactness, ensuring the message is clear, concise, and free from ambiguity.

At level B1.2 this means:

Can explain the main points in an idea or problem with reasonable precision.

Associated Concepts

This competency revolves around adapting one's linguistic style and content based on the evolving dynamics of a conversation or the needs of the audience.

At level B1.2 this means:

Can adapt their expression to deal with less routine, even difficult, situations.

Can exploit a wide range of simple language flexibly to express much of what they want.

Associated Concepts

This skill refers to the ease and flow of speech or writing, ensuring the message is conveyed smoothly and without undue hesitation or disruption.

At level B1.2 this means:

Can express themselves with relative ease. Despite some problems with formulation resulting in pauses and “cul-de-sacs”, they are able to keep going effectively without help.

Associated Concepts